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There isn't a day that goes by that we don't use water in our homes. It is essentials to many daily functions such as bathing, doing laundry, cooking, cleaning, and using household appliances. We often take the pristine quality of our water for granted. You may not ever stop to notice just how much you depend on water until there is an issue with it.

A common water disturbance is the visible appearance of 'flakes' or sediment. Others problems cannot be seen by examining the water directly, but the effects are noticeable in other ways. You may have noticed that your clothes are appearing duller after they've been washed.

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Or perhaps there are stains on your dishes even after they have been washed. Water stains, water that tastes bad, and dingy laundry are all signs that you may have a hard water problem in your home. Here, we'll discuss how to identify hard water, the top available reform options, and how to install a salt-based or salt-free water softener in your home.

Table of Contents

Common Problems Caused by Hard Water
How Do I Test for Hard Water?
Types Of Water Softeners
About Salt-Based Water Softeners
Locating a Space for Installation
About Salt-Free Water Softeners/Conditioners
Tips to Remember
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What Is Hard Water?

Hard water comes from water sources that collect minerals such as magnesium, calcium, or manganese. Water is considered hard when a high amount of these mineral deposits are absorbed in the water. Water hardness is generally measured in grains per gallon, or GPG. Any water measuring 4 grains or higher is considered mildly hard. Water with a GPG greater than 10.5 is considered very hard. Hard water can cause a wide array of inconveniences for you and your family.

Common Problems Caused by Hard Water

Water Stains

Hard water may make kitchenware appear dirty, even leaving spots and stains on clean dishes. You may notice a buildup of deposits on faucet and shower heads, dingy laundry, rings around the inside of the toilet, or actually notice deposits floating in your water. This can be a huge annoyance, and most cleaning solutions do little to help. Hard water, however, is mostly a cosmetic interference and is safe for consumption.

Trouble with Appliances

Mineral buildup can create problems with appliances and can clog plumbing. Any appliance that uses water will become less effective as hard water pursues. Dishwashers, coffee makers, washing machines, and water heaters can all be affected. As the deposits in hard water settle to the bottom of your water heater, they can form a layer which prevents efficient heating. This disturbance can cause higher costs while depleting the life of the water heater. Hard water affects other appliances in much the same way.

How Do I Test for Hard Water?

Professional Evaluation

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For an official test, you may want to bring in a water quality expert. Water hardness is measure in grains and a expert can give you precise measurements. Hard water will worsen over time and should be treated once you notice a problem. A professional water quality expert may also test for other problems like bacteria and lead in the water.

Self-Test

Unless you are extremely sensitive to water quality, the first evidence of hard water will be visual. Hard water can usually be identified by many of the aforementioned markers like deposit buildups and water stains. Detergent or shampoo that doesn't lather or get sudsy is another clear indication of hard water. Some individuals may notice dry skin or brittle hair. Water that is considered hard will need to be softened with a water softener.

Types Of Water Softeners

While salt water softeners are most common, there are also several other options available to you. Here, we will discuss the most common two, followed by a short installation guide for each.

Salt-Based
Salt-Free

Salt-Based

Salt based water softeners may also be called ion exchange softeners due to their function. During the filtering process, sodium is substituted with more abrasive minerals like magnesium and calcium. The two-part tank system uses resin beads and a salt brine solution to create soft water for the home.

Salt-Free

While generally deemed not as effective as salt-based systems, salt free water softeners provide a solution to those who are more environmentally conscience. Salt free systems are free of chemicals and function instead by using nanotechnology to alter the structure of water molecules.

About Salt-Based Water Softeners

Components

A salt-based water softener is comprised of two tanks: one is filled with resin and the other is filled with salt. The one containing the salt is called a brine tank. It is the shorter of the two and is much wider. The taller, narrower tank is called the media tank. It comes complete with a control valve at the top. The media tank is filled with small resin beads. Once installed, all of the water entering your home will pass through the media tank.

Media Tank

As water passes through the media tank, the minerals bind to the resin beads. The resin beads will become less effective over time and will need to be regenerated. The top valve is used to measure how much water you're using. When the media tank is reaching capacity, the regeneration process should begin and the tank will need to be cleaned out.

Regeneration Cycle

The regeneration cycle can often times be automated using the control valve on top of the media tank. The regeneration cycle should commence at a time when there is little water usage in the home. Many select overnight hours while most people in the home are asleep. The water softener uses a series of four steps to ensure the resin beads in your media tank are ready to do their job again.

Backwash Cycle - During this phase, water flows through the media tank to wash out the dirt and mineral deposits that have been collected. That sediment then flows down the drain.
Brine Cycle - At this time, there is water in the salt-filled brine tank. That salt water makes a brine solution, which is pulled into the media tank through a connected tube. The brine solution flows through the media tank and forces the resin beads to release any stored mineral deposits. Those deposits are then flushed down the drain.
Rinse Cycle - The final rinse cycle is intended to clean out any remaining brine, sediment, or minerals from the media tank. Again, those deposits are flushed down the drain.
Fill Cycle - During the fill cycle, the media tank's valve decides how much water needs to be added back into the brine tank. This final step ensures that the brine solution will be ready for the next regeneration cycle.

Locating a Space for Installation

If you already have a water softener installed in your home that needs to be replaced, you can plan to put the new system near the same location. If this is the first water softener for your home, finding a location may be a bit